Bone graft substitutes in periodontal and peri-implant bone regeneration.

Regenerative medicine provides different therapy alternatives alongside gold standard autogenous grafts for the treatment of periodontal or peri-implant osseous defects. Continuing progress in the field of alloplastic bone substitutes has yielded promising solutions to the appropriate indications with the membrane technique either alone or in combination with enamel matrix derivatives. Their clinical outcomes, however, still require critical discussion.